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Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

Reading time 16 Min.

Recently updated on October 8, 2021 at 12:36 am

Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

With the future electrification of the powertrain, Mercedes-AMG is combining superior performance and impressive driving dynamics with the highest level of efficiency. The development of the new drive concepts has benefited from the valuable experience gained from working closely with the Formula 1 experts from Mercedes-AMG High Performance Powertrains (HPP) and the Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 Team. The cooperation between the three performance specialists will be further intensified in 2021, which is reflected, among other things, in the bundling of motorsport activities. Above all, the mutual transfer of knowledge also enables fascinating AMG models such as the Hypercar Project ONE, which brings Formula 1 hybrid technology to the road almost one-to-one. More electrified street models will debut later this year.

Drive strategy rests on two pillars

The new drive strategy rests on two pillars: on the one hand, on the range of performance hybrids with a completely independent drive concept under the technology label E PERFORMANCE. The second pillar is made up of battery-electric AMG derivatives based on the new Mercedes Electric Vehicle Architecture (EVA) for luxury and luxury vehicles. Extensive modifications to the drive, chassis, design and equipment offer the typical, emotional AMG driving experience, even with a purely electric drive.

Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

“With our new drive strategy, we are transporting our typical DNA into an electrified future. Our performance hybrids, developed entirely in Affalterbach, will even surpass the driving dynamics of our current models and thus carry our new technology label E PERFORMANCE absolutely rightly. We as Mercedes-AMG are also continuing to electrify the portfolio with the purely electric derivatives based on the Mercedes-EQ models. We are opening up to new target groups who can experience Mercedes-AMG as a performance luxury brand of the 21st century, ”says Philipp Schiemer, Chairman of the Management Board of Mercedes-AMG GmbH.

“Mercedes-AMG has always stood for top performance and maximum driving dynamics. When developing our new E PERFORMANCE hybrid strategy, it was clear from the start that we would pursue an independent concept for AMG. The layout with a combustion engine at the front and an electric drive unit at the rear offers numerous advantages. The resulting optimized weight distribution, the best possible use of the torque or the very spontaneous power output promise driving dynamics at the highest level. In addition, there is the high-performance battery developed by us, which has twice the power density compared to conventional drive batteries and, like many other components, is inspired by the technology from Formula 1, ”says Jochen Hermann, Technical Director of Mercedes-AMG GmbH.

Completely newly developed performance hybrid with an innovative AMG concept

The independent E PERFORMANCE drive strategy is based on the guiding principle of developing an electrified drive train that further increases the brand-typical driving performance and driving dynamics, but is also highly efficient at the same time. With the increase in performance through the additional electric motor, the development team was also able to improve the efficiency of the entire vehicle at the same time - and achieve lower emissions and lower consumption.

The exclusive vehicle architecture naturally also enables purely electric driving and external charging at a wallbox, public charging station or household socket as additional benefits. In addition, electrification helps to maintain or even surpass today's high AMG performance level in the future, even with smaller combustion engines.

Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

As a performance hybrid, the modular AMG concept combines the AMG eight or four-cylinder engine with a permanently excited synchronous electric motor, a high-performance battery developed in Affalterbach and the fully variable all-wheel drive AMG Performance 4MATIC +. The electric motor (depending on the model series up to 150 kW output and 320 Nm torque) is positioned on the rear axle and integrated there with an electrically switched two-speed gearbox and the electronically controlled rear axle locking differential in a compact Electric Drive Unit (EDU). Experts refer to this layout as a P3 hybrid. The lightweight high-performance battery is also located in the rear above the rear axle. This design results in numerous advantages especially for sports cars and performance models:

  • The electric motor developed exclusively by AMG acts directly on the rear axle (without going through the AMG SPEEDSHIFT MCT-9G transmission) and can thus convert its power directly into propulsion - for an extra boost when starting, accelerating or overtaking.
  • The power of the electric motor also sets in immediately with full torque, as is typical of the design, so that particularly agile start-up behavior is possible.
  • In addition, the integrated, electronically controlled rear axle locking differential can be used to allocate the optimum torque to each rear wheel, depending on the driving situation. The result: The driver immediately experiences a noticeable increase in performance because the hybrid vehicle accelerates out of bends with even more agility.
  • As the slip on the rear axle increases, the drive force of the electric motor is briefly transferred to the front wheels as required for more traction. This is made possible by the mechanical connection of the fully variable all-wheel drive through the cardan shaft and the drive shafts of the front wheels.
  • The positioning on the rear axle improves the weight and axle load distribution in the vehicle and thus forms the basis for convincing handling.

Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

  • The AMG concept also offers a very high level of efficiency for recuperation because this system basically allows only minimal mechanical and hydraulic losses from the engine and transmission.
  • The modular concept can be rolled out over several model series and thus gives the flexibility to lead the AMG portfolio into the electrified future.
  • Because the electric motor operates independently of the AMG SPEEDSHIFT MCT-9G transmission, the efficiency of the drive is also improved.
  • The automatically shifting two-speed transmission on the rear axle, with its specially matched gear ratio, ensures the spread from high wheel torque to agile starting up to safe continuous performance at higher speeds. An electric actuator engages 2nd gear at approx. 140 km / h at the latest, which corresponds to the maximum speed of the electric motor of around 13.500 rpm.
  • At the same time, the electric motor blurs the gear changes of the MCT transmission of the combustion engine, which also contributes to the outstandingly agile driving experience and at the same time increases driving comfort.

Inspired by Formula 1, developed in Affalterbach: AMG high-performance battery

When determining the electrification strategy, it was clear from the start that all essential components would be developed in Affalterbach. The heart of this is the AMG High Performance Battery (HPB) for the upcoming performance hybrid models. The development of the lithium-ion energy storage system began in 2016 and was inspired by technologies that have proven themselves in the Formula 1 hybrid racing cars of the Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 Team under the toughest conditions. In the course of development, there was a lively exchange of expert knowledge between the Formula 1 engine manufacturer High Performance Powertrains (HPP) in Brixworth and Mercedes-AMG in Affalterbach. The specifications were quickly defined: the AMG high-performance battery combines high power, often one after the other, with low weight in order to increase the overall performance of the vehicle. In addition, there is the fast energy consumption and the high power density. This means: When driving quickly in hilly terrain, for example, the full performance potential can be called up spontaneously uphill, while there is strong recuperation when driving downhill.

Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

Every battery needs a defined temperature for optimal power output. If the energy storage device becomes too cold or too hot, it temporarily loses its power noticeably or even has to be turned down so as not to be damaged if the temperature is too high. Uniform temperature control of the battery therefore has a decisive influence on its performance, service life and safety. Conventional cooling systems, which only cool with air or cool the entire battery pack indirectly with water, quickly reach their limits - especially since the requirements are increasing due to ever more energy-dense cells. If the thermal management does not perform its function optimally, there is also a risk of premature aging of the battery.

The innovation boost: the direct cooling of the battery cells

The basis for the high performance of the AMG 400-volt battery is the innovative direct cooling: For the first time, the 560 cells are individually cooled; a high-tech coolant based on an electrically non-conductive liquid flows around them permanently. For the direct cooling, the AMG specialists had to develop new, only millimeter-thin cooling modules. Around 14 liters of coolant circulate with the help of a specially developed high-performance electric pump from top to bottom through the entire battery past each cell and also flow through an oil / water heat exchanger that is attached directly to the battery. This conducts the heat into one of the two low-temperature circuits (LT) of the vehicle and from there to the LT cooler at the front of the car, which finally releases the heat into the ambient air. The system is designed in such a way that even heat distribution in the battery is guaranteed.

For high continuous output and twice the peak output, always in the optimal temperature window

The result: The battery is always in a constant, optimal working temperature window of 45 degrees Celsius, regardless of how often it is charged or discharged. Conventional cooling systems cannot do this, the battery can no longer call up its full capacity. This is not the case with the AMG high-performance battery: even on fast laps in hybrid mode on the racetrack, where there is frequent acceleration (battery is discharged) and deceleration (battery is being charged), the energy storage system retains its high performance.

Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

Battery prototypes have already completed countless test kilometers on the test bench without any problems. Vehicle testing shows a consistently high level of performance and a long service life.

Only effective direct cooling enables cells with a very high power density to be used. Due to this individual solution, the battery system could be designed to be particularly light and compact. The material-saving busbar concept and the light but stable crash structure of the aluminum housing also contribute to the low weight. It guarantees the highest level of security.

High performance battery with 70 kW continuous output and 150 kW peak output

Mercedes-AMG starts with the internally named HPB80 variant with 6,1 kWh capacity, 70 kW continuous output and 150 kW peak output for ten seconds. It weighs 89 kilograms and therefore achieves a power density of 1,7 kW / kg. Conventional batteries without direct cooling of the cells achieve about half of this value.

Due to the scalability of the battery, it is basically also conceivable to allow further expansion stages to follow. For this purpose, the requirements for each segment are carefully checked.

“Always on” operating strategy: electrical power always available

The basic operating strategy is derived from the hybrid power pack of the Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula 1 racing car. As in the premier class of motorsport, maximum propulsion is always available when the driver needs it - for example to be able to powerfully accelerate out of corners or when overtaking. In addition, the hybrid system is “always on”: With high recuperation performance and needs-based recharging, the electrical power can always be called up and frequently reproduced. The independent battery concept enables the optimal compromise between maximum driving dynamics and contemporary efficiency. All components are perfectly matched to one another: the gain in performance can be experienced immediately.

Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

The six AMG DYNAMIC SELECT drive programs "Electric", "Comfort", "Sport", "Sport +", "RACE" and "Individual" are precisely tailored to the new drive technology and thus offer a wide range of driving experiences - from highly efficient to highly dynamic. The drive programs adjust important parameters such as the response behavior of the drive and transmission, the steering characteristics, the suspension damping or the sound. The programs are selected using the rocker switch in the center console or the AMG steering wheel buttons and visualized in the instrument cluster and on the multimedia display.

The Performance Hybrid usually starts silently ("Silent Mode") in the "Comfort" drive program when the electric motor is switched on. The “Ready” icon in the instrument cluster signals readiness to drive. A light step on the accelerator is all it takes to set the AMG Performance Hybrid in motion.

  • "Comfort" drive program: The vehicle is usually started electrically. Combustion and electric motors run depending on the situation - with electric drive at low speeds, for example in residential areas or in the city center, hybrid driving with combustion and electric motors over land and on the highway. Overall, the result is a harmonious and consumption-optimized driving impression, among other things through early upshifting of the AMG SPEEDSHIFT MCT-9G transmission. Chassis and steering are designed with a focus on comfort. The focus of the control is on energetic efficiency, so that fuel consumption and emissions can be reduced. The typical AMG sportiness and agility are retained.
  • "Electric" drive program: Purely electric driving from standstill up to 130 km / h, the combustion engine always remains switched off. The basic configuration of the Performance Hybrid is purely rear-wheel drive. Thanks to the mechanical connection to the AMG Performance 4MATIC + components, all-wheel drive is also available if required: If, for example, the rear wheels suddenly slip too much, the power of the electric motor is also transmitted to the front wheels via the cardan and drive shafts. When the battery is empty, the intelligent operating control automatically switches to the “Comfort” drive program, the combustion engine starts up and takes over the drive power.

Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

  • "Sport" drive program: starting with the internal combustion engine and electric motor and situational interaction between the two drives. The boost function of the electric motor is released earlier. Sporty expression of the driving impression through more agile response to accelerator pedal commands, shorter shift times and earlier downshifts. More dynamic coordination of chassis and steering.
  • "Sport +" drive program: moving off with the internal combustion engine and electric motor and the interaction of the two drives depending on the situation. Even higher boost performance. Extremely sporty expression through even more agile throttle response and targeted torque interventions when upshifting with cylinder suppression for optimal shift times. Increased idle speed for faster starting. Chassis, steering and drivetrain are tuned to be even more dynamic.
  • "RACE" driving program: For highly dynamic driving on closed racetracks. Here all parameters are trimmed for maximum performance. Start-up with combustion engine and electric motor and situational interaction of the two drives. Full electrical boost power of the electric motor to support the combustion engine when accelerating strongly. Strong battery recharging when the power requirement is low for maximum electrical availability.
  • "Individual" drive program: Individual adaptation of the drive, transmission, AMG DYNAMICS, chassis, steering and exhaust system.

Further advantages of the hybrid drive result for the vehicle dynamics control. Instead of the ESP® braking intervention, the electric machine can regulate traction as soon as a wheel signals too much slip. The ESP® does not have to intervene at all or only has to intervene later. Advantage: The internal combustion engine can be operated with a higher torque, which improves both agility and efficiency. In addition, the power otherwise “destroyed” during braking can be used to charge the battery.

Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

The AMG Performance hybrids also receive the integrated AMG DYNAMICS driving dynamics control. It influences the control strategies of the ESP® (Electronic Stability Program), the all-wheel drive and the electronically controlled rear-axle limited-slip differential. This increases agility without compromising stability.

Particularly noteworthy: AMG DYNAMICS determines how the vehicle should react. To do this, the system uses the existing sensors, which record, among other things, the speed, the lateral acceleration, the steering angle and the yaw rate. Using an intelligent pre-control, the driver's desired vehicle behavior can be predicted from the driver's actions and the data from the sensors. The control adapts to the driver's dynamic driving abilities in a tailor-made manner - without any noticeable or disruptive interventions by the system. The driver receives a very authentic driving experience with high cornering dynamics and optimal traction with high stability and predictable driving behavior. Even experienced pilots are optimally supported without being patronized by the system.

  • AMG DYNAMICS "Basic" is assigned to the "Comfort" and "Electric" drive programs. The design results in a very stable driving behavior with high yaw damping.
  • "Advanced" is activated in the "Sport" program. The vehicle remains neutrally balanced. The lower yaw dampening and increased agility support dynamic maneuvers such as driving on winding country roads.
  • "Pro" (abbreviation for "Professional") belongs to the "Sport +" program. In “Pro”, the driver is given even more support during dynamic driving maneuvers, and agility and roadway feedback when cornering are further increased.
  • "Master" is linked to the "RACE" drive program. The "Master" mode is aimed at drivers who want to experience dynamism and driving fun on closed circuits. “Master” offers a vehicle balance that tends to be slightly oversteer, more direct steering and more agile steering behavior. In this way, “Master” guarantees maximum agility and brings out the dynamic potential of the “S” version to its best advantage. To get into “Master” mode, the driver must switch ESP® to ESP® SPORT Handling Mode or ESP® OFF using the separate button in the center console.

In the “Individual” drive program, the driver can set the AMG DYNAMICS levels “Basic”, “Advanced”, “Pro” and “Master” himself.

Recuperation can be selected in four stages

Because the high-performance battery is always in the optimal temperature window of around 45 degrees thanks to the direct cooling, the recuperation can also be optimized - normally a battery heats up strongly when the recuperation power is too high, so that the energy recovery has to be reduced.

Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

Recuperation begins when the driver takes his foot off the accelerator pedal, i.e. in overrun mode without touching the brake pedal. This not only charges the battery, but also creates a strong braking torque - the wheel brakes are protected or, depending on the traffic situation, do not have to be operated at all. The driver can select four different levels of recuperation on the right AMG steering wheel button. This applies to all driving programs, whereby the energy recovery is designed differently depending on the driving program.

  • Level 0: The vehicle behaves in a similar way to a conventional internal combustion engine with manual gearshift, in which the clutch is disengaged and continues to roll with the least resistance when the accelerator is released. The recuperation power is very low and only serves to maintain the vehicle's power supply. When the combustion engine is switched off, the friction losses in the drive train are reduced to a maximum.
  • Level 1: This is the standard setting at which recuperation can already be felt by the driver and roughly corresponds to the deceleration of a conventional, engaged combustion engine.
  • Level 2: stronger recuperation, when swimming in traffic, the brake pedal hardly needs to be pressed.
  • Level 3: Highest energy recovery of up to 90 kW via so-called “one-pedal” driving, as with a purely electric car. This takes getting used to and can also be irritating during fast laps on the racetrack: Here the racer wants to get the last bit of time out on the brakes. For this reason, recuperation is automatically set to level 1 in the “RACE” drive program in order to achieve the most reproducible vehicle behavior possible (but the high level of efficiency is still guaranteed because the energy is recovered when the brake is actuated).

Another advantage of recuperation is that the vehicle does not get any faster on steep downhill slopes. The system works like an engine brake, but it also feeds energy into the battery.

Let the numbers speak for themselves: over 600 kW system performance and more than 1.000 Nm system torque

The outstanding performance of the AMG Performance Hybrid powertrain speaks for itself: Technically, more than 600 kW system output and over 1.000 Nm system torque are possible. Depending on the future vehicle, this enables acceleration from 0 to 100 km / h in less than 3,0 seconds. The immediate response of the electric drive, the rapid build-up of torque and the optimized weight distribution in the vehicle enable new best values ​​in longitudinal and transverse dynamics. The extremely spontaneous reactions to every movement of the accelerator pedal are particularly inspiring in every driving situation. This drive train is planned in various stages of expansion for several series. In order to allow the changing requirements of the market and customers to flow into future products, the final specification of the motorization and performance values ​​is still open at the moment.

Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

The next level: E PERFORMANCE with a 2,0-liter four-cylinder engine and an electric exhaust gas turbocharger

The next technological stage is running parallel to the development of the eight-cylinder performance hybrids: AMG performance hybrids in combination with the AMG four-cylinder turbo engine. The 2,0-liter engine with the internal designation M 139 has so far been installed horizontally in the compact performance models. As an E PERFORMANCE variant, it will also ensure propulsion in line with class in other future model series from Mercedes-AMG. Then, however, built in lengthways, profoundly revised and again significantly increased in performance. The engineers are striving to make the further developed M 139 the highest in the world to date Specific output of all four-cylinder series engines.

Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

The biggest innovation is the electric exhaust gas turbocharger, which is being implemented for the first time in a series vehicle. This technology comes directly from Formula 1 and is called MGU-H (Motor Generator Unit Heat) there. The identical system is already giving wings to the Mercedes-AMG Project ONE hypercar.

Lightning-fast response, more agile than a naturally aspirated V8

The electric exhaust gas turbocharger solves the trade-off between a small, fast-responding charger, which, however, achieves a comparatively low peak output, and a large charger with a high peak output, which in turn responds with a significant delay.

Exhaust gas turbocharger with integrated electric motor: agility redefined

The highlight of this innovative charging system: an electric motor that is around four centimeters wide is integrated directly on the shaft of the exhaust gas turbocharger (charger shaft), between the turbine wheel on the exhaust side and the compressor wheel on the fresh air side. This drives the shaft of the exhaust gas turbocharger directly, electronically controlled, thereby accelerating the compressor wheel before the exhaust gas flow takes over the drive. The electrification of the turbocharger significantly improves the response behavior from idling speed and across the entire speed range.

The result: the combustion engine reacts even more spontaneously to accelerator pedal commands, and the entire driving experience is significantly more dynamic and agile. In addition, the electrification of the turbocharger enables higher torque at low engine speeds compared to non-electrified charging, which also increases agility and optimizes the ability to accelerate from a standstill. Even if the driver takes off the accelerator or brakes, the technology of the e-turbocharger is able to maintain the boost pressure at all times, so that a continuous direct response is guaranteed.

Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

The turbocharger is operated with the 400 volt on-board network and thus reaches speeds of up to 156.000 rpm, which enables a very high air throughput. The charger and electric motor are connected to the high-temperature cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine in order to always create the best possible temperature environment. The power electronics are cooled by the low-temperature circuit.

Future four-cylinder hybrid on the same level of performance as the current V8 engine with twin-turbo charging

In the four-cylinder performance hybrid, the more than 330 kW AMG 2,0-liter turbo engine (with electric exhaust gas turbocharger) can be combined with an electric motor of up to 150 kW. The total output and the total torque enable future AMG models to achieve performance levels that are even better than today's comparable vehicles with V8 engines without hybrid drive. The high agility, performance and efficiency of the hybrid 4-cylinder drive train will initially come onto the market in the future generation of the Mercedes-AMG C-Class.

Belt-driven starter generator as standard

The four- and eight-cylinder performance hybrids also have a belt-driven starter-generator (RSG) that combines the alternator and starter in one component and has an output of 10 kW (14 hp). It starts the combustion engine and ensures the basic supply of the ancillary units such as air conditioning or driving lights, for example when the vehicle is at a traffic light and the charge level of the high-voltage battery is no longer sufficient to support the low-voltage on-board network. The RSG is particularly quick to react because it is integrated into the 400-volt high-voltage network.

100 percent emotions, zero emissions: purely battery-electric AMG vehicles shortly before the start of series production

In addition, Mercedes-AMG is also developing performance vehicles with a purely battery-electric drive. Exclusive, individualized and enhanced AMG models based on the upcoming Mercedes-EQ electric cars are currently being created - similar to a Mercedes-AMG E-Class based on a Mercedes-Benz model, the so-called AMG derivative strategy. The market launch will begin this year.

Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

The first battery-electric AMG models are based on the new, electro-exclusive Mercedes-EQ architecture. The vehicles are extensively redeveloped in Affalterbach for specific brands in the areas of technology (drive, chassis, brakes, sound), exterior design, interior design as well as standard equipment and options. They are ambassadors of a new era in the performance segment of the 43 and 53 AMG models, for target groups who value innovative electric mobility but don't want to do without sportiness and agile driving dynamics.

The exterior design picks up AMG characteristic elements and transfers them into the fully electric age. These include the specific radiator grille with vertical slats, the redesigned front apron, the side skirts, the independent rear with spoiler lip and diffuser as well as AMG wheels in aero or heritage design.

The interior is also given that special sporty note, among other things, through exclusive AMG seats with individual graphics, AMG-specific functions and displays for the MBUX displays or the AMG performance steering wheel with integrated buttons and two round AMG steering wheel buttons. Numerous AMG options enhance the dynamic look on request.

Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

The new performance models are launched with two independent, permanently excited synchronous machines and fully variable all-wheel drive with modular torque distribution. The provisional performance values ​​of the test vehicles are already very promising: the combination of front and rear engines can achieve overall performance on the level of the most powerful Mercedes-AMG Performance models with the current 4,0-liter V8 biturbo engine. This also applies to the sprint from standstill to 100 km / h, which, depending on the performance and vehicle, can be completed in well under 4,0 seconds and whose linear acceleration is particularly enjoyable. The electric motors turn up to a maximum of 18.000 rpm and enable a top speed of up to 250 km / h.

The 400-volt lithium-ion battery has its own wiring harness that is adapted to the higher performance of the AMG derivatives. The AMG RIDE CONTROL + air suspension is specifically tuned for optimized longitudinal and transverse dynamics. There is also the electro-exclusive AMG i-Booster additional function, which harmoniously combines electrical recuperation and hydraulic brakes during the deceleration process.

And of course the typical AMG sound is also part of it. With additional hardware (loudspeakers, shaker, sound generator) and the newly composed, authentic “AMG Sound Experience”, for example, Mercedes-AMG is driving into the future with great emotion, also electrically.

Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

Of course that had not happened yet!

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Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

Mercedes-AMG defines the future of driving performance!

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About Thomas Wachsmuth

Thomas Wachsmuth - He has been an integral part of tuningblog.eu since 2013. His passion for cars is so intense that he invests every available penny in them. While he dreams of a BMW E31 850CSI and a Hennessey 6x6 Ford F-150, he currently drives a rather inconspicuous BMW 540i (G31/LCI). His collection of books, magazines and brochures on the subject of car tuning has now reached such proportions that he himself has become a walking reference work for the tuning scene.  More about Thomas

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