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Recently updated on November 11, 2021 at 07:48 am
The exhaust manifold is an optimized exhaust manifold. In this several characteristics of the manifold are optimized. Compared with the standard component, the diameter, the length of the pipe is almost always increased, resulting in improved pipe guidance. The optimization is done separately for each cylinder of the engine. This improves the torque curve and engine performance. In the exhaust header interference in the exhaust stream.
How does a manifold work?
In a reciprocating engine with normal design of the manifold pipes is a discontinuous and thus sub-optimal exhaust emissions. When the charge changes, the exhaust valve opens, the pressure between the cylinder and the exhaust system drops sharply. The process is called Ventilvorauslass, he generated in the exhaust system, a pressure wave, which propagates at the speed of sound within the exhaust system. This leads to reflections and gas constrictions that cause a (partial) Cause return of the pressure wave. If now this reflected pressure wave arrives again at an unfavorable time at the outlet valve, it hampers the gas exchange there. Another effect may be the backflow of the exhaust gas from the same or other cylinders.
However, the use of a fan manifold with its special shape and the optimized dimensions results in interferences in the gas flow, which generate a negative pressure in the respective exhaust pipe at the right time, namely when the exhaust valve is opened. This allows the exhaust gases to leave the cylinder completely or almost without back pressure. As a result, the piston requires less power for the emission of the exhaust gas. Also, hardly any residual gases remain in the pipe. Fresh gas flows in better, the internal cylinder cooling improves. This also reduces the tendency to knock. Better combustion with less residual gas and less piston effort increases the performance of the engine.
How are manifolds used?
In tuning, the manifold is an effective means of increasing performance. Manufacturers could also use them, but they are expensive because, unlike the cast iron manifolds used in industry, they cannot be inexpensively machined. They are used regularly in motorsport, and sporty vehicles are also equipped with them at the factory. Well-known vehicles with exhaust manifolds ex works are the 2,3 liter Audi 90, the Opel models Astra F GSI, Calibra 16V and Kadett E 16V, the Ford Capri 1.6 GT and the Peugeot 206 RC. Mazda also uses manifolds in its Skyactiv petrol engines. The compression increases considerably up to 14: 1. These are just a few examples, there have been and still are more vehicles with factory-fitted manifolds. In principle, this component can be easily retrofitted to a large number of cars.
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